No Soil and 95% Less Water

You may not see it on the skin, however this is the recent industrial neighborhood Associate in Nursing Agriculture Oasis. In this earlier Optical Masser Tag Arena, 250 types of Unifoliate Greens can be sold in large growing A, native supermarkets and restaurants. Thus people all over the world have access to a contemporary, delicious, highly nutritious diet.

 This thirty, 000 square meter house has thirty feet tall crops. They are big oppressive aeronautical technology. Usually in indoor growth the roots sit in the water and no one tries to process the water. Our main manufacturer accomplished that if you have the wrong nutrition in the basic structure, the roots have a much better natural process. Aeropharms says the base misting system allows them to use twenty-five percent less water than a daily farm.

In addition they do not use pesticides or herbs. Instead of soil, plants made from recycled plastic are larger in reusable materials. And instead of the sun, there are rows and rows of special crystal rectifier lighting. People say, without the sun? Wait, the plants will love the sun. In fact, plants don't like the yellow spectrum, so we can measure our energy steps by doing things like reducing the variety that ensures the spectrum. With this sophisticated climate control system the increasing cycle size is 0. is broken in, so crops can be round all year round, however with little effect on the environment. : These things are stressful on our planet. Seventy percent of our H2O infections come from agriculture. The seventieth use of our H2O is in agriculture. One-third of our farmland has been damaged in the last forty years. The purpose of this macro trend is that we need a new thank you for feeding our planet.

. 1 1999 1999. In the year 1999, Despomier and his students devised a plan to provide food to the cities with the largest population in the vertical fields, while the victims would receive less land and less water. They can additionally cut greenhouse gases by eliminating the need to move food over long distances. And that's why the plan is finally taking root. Over the past few years, vertical farms have been found all over the world, as well as in and around Vancouver, Singapore, Panama, the UK, and the United States. Here in the metropolis, Aerofarms is building another new farm during the previous steelwork, larger than the play area. Once it is fully operational, it expects 2 million pounds of greens a year - all vertically. We tend to listen hard to plants and take a look at and adapt to these completely different qualities of plants in order to understand and understand what we are saying in America. It’s a strong business, however he’s keeping one and it’s going to have an even bigger and bigger impact. Note: Assuming someone from a vertical field can solve your food production problem? Allow us to do the following.

And look at this next part where this major US city is trying to become zero waste.

 Once I was running twenty-three years on rheology, the diameter of the exercise was about eight. Today we have doubled that. So far, the urban center has been happy with eighty percent of its landfills, and its success has caught the attention of the world. You may not see it on the skin, however, the recent industrial neighborhood is Associate in Nursing Farming Oasis. In this earlier Optical Masser Tag Arena, 250 types of Unifoliate Greens can be sold in large growing A, native supermarkets and restaurants. Thus people all over the world have access to a contemporary, delicious, highly nutritious diet. Narrator: This 30,000 square meter house has thirty feet tall crops. They are big oppressive aeronautical technology.

Usually in indoor growth the roots sit in the water and no one tries to process the water. Our main manufacturer accomplished that if you have the wrong nutrition in the basic structure, the roots have a much better natural process. Aeropharms says the base misting system allows them to use twenty-five percent less water than a daily farm. In addition they do not use pesticides or herbs. Instead of soil, plants made from recycled plastic are larger in reusable materials. And instead of the sun, there are rows and rows of special crystal rectifier lighting. A lot of people say, no sun? Wait, the plants will love the sun. In fact, plants don't like the yellow spectrum, so we can measure our energy steps by doing things like reducing the variety that ensures the spectrum. This sophisticated climate control system cuts the thigh

Major Crops of India Indian Agriculture, Geography

hi in this blog we will learn about major types of crops that exists in India before we do that we need to first understand the cropping pattern in India that is  I say this is important because if you understand how crops are classified into these three patterns then you will have a better understanding about the origination properties and characteristics so let's read about each one of them in brief the first one is Rabi crop so this crop is sold in the season of winter that is from October to December and harvested in summer that is from April to June so always remember Robbie crop is a winter crop the best way to remember is the letter I also exists in the world winter so when you have Robbie it's winter remember that now some of the important Rabi crops are wheat barley peace gram now these crops are grown in the large part of India especially places near north and northwest in parts such as Punjab Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir with tarantula andother Pradesh so remember India has two types of monsoon that is southwestern monsoon and then not eastern monsoon so the second one that is the not eastern monsoon it occurs during the winter season therefore this monsoon or this rainfall helps in the success of these crops now due to the success of Green Revolution it has helped in the growth of these Rabi crops so Green Revolution was a period when agriculture in India increased its yield due to improved agronomic technology you know at that time everything was efficiently done we have proper technology in place and with best practices this movement green revolution developed and this was purely to overcome food defects because that can lead to health hazards now let's read about the Khalif crop Karif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon so this is the southwestern monsoon we are talking about which starts at the beginning of June and the crops are harvested in the month of September or October by the end of the monsoon sokar if up is sown in the monsoon and Robbie crop is sown in the winter remember that now some of the Cardiff crops are paddy maize jor Bhadra tor MooMoo Roth cotton jute ground nut and soya bean so all of these crops are grown at the region of Assam West Bengal coastal regions of Orissa under Pradesh Tamil Nadu Kerala and Maharashtra so you see all of these places receives rainfall from the southwest and wind so this was all about the car if crop so after Robbie and kharif season there is something called Zee season so it is a short season but it is mostly in the summer so some of the crops that are grown in this season are watermelon musk melon cucumber and other vegetables and fathers so all of these crops falls on the Zayat crop so with this we are now aware of the three types of cropping patterns in India now let's read about the major crops of India a variety of food is grown in different parts of the country and basically it depends on the variation of soil climate and cultivation practices now some of the major crops in India are rice wheat millet pulses tea coffee sugarcane oil seeds cotton and jute so let's read about each one of these crops and get to know more in depth the first one is rice it is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India so rice is consumed at a large quantity now always remember rice is a car if crop which means it is grown during the monsoon season in the month of June and it requires high temperature that is above 25 degree Celsius and then the annual range of rainfall should be above 100 centimeter so overall you need high temperature and a good rainfall so rice is grown usually in the plains of north and northeast in India and also places near the coastal areas and the Delta ik regions because you see you need a lot of water to grow rice so coastal areas and deltas they're perfect places to get some water from and the northeastern side receives heavy rainfall and the northern parts of punjab and with the pradesh they get water from irrigation facilities like drawing water from the reservoirs and now due to the advancement of canal irrigation and cube bills races like Punjab Haryana western Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan as it is these places receive very less rainfall but now due to advancement in irrigation facilities even these states are able to grow rice and the second crop is wheat it is the second most important crop in India it is the main food crop for the people of north and north western part of the country now this crop requires cool growing season so that means it should be grown during the winter and during winter Robi crop is grown so wheat is a Rabi crop now it requires a rainfall of 15 to 75 centimeter so there are two important places where wheat is grown and it is purely because of that ideal location and those places are the gang grass at the lodge plain in the north we are talking about the regions of Punjab Haryana and the second region is black soil region of the Deccan Plateau here the regions are Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh and the major wheat producing states are Punjab Haryana Uttar Pradesh Bihar Rajasthan and multiplied - so if we see all of these places ranges from naught to the central part of the country and the next robbers millets so millets are crops that contain small seeds so some of the important millets are jowar bajra and raggy and these things have very high nutritional value for example raggy is rich in iron calcium and other micronutrients so to grow these crops you need a lot of moisture therefore it has grown mostly in the rain Fred areas so again we can call it as a monsoon crop so if it is monsoon it has to be cut if Maratha is the largest producer of jaw followed by cannot occur on the Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh and when it comes to Basra it grows well on the sandy soil and black soil and it is grown in the region of Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Gujarat and Haryana and ragged soil black soil or sandy soil to grow so Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are deira largest producer of Wragge and apart from them states like a marshal with ranches Sikkim charcoal are not a Pradesh they also grow a lot of rhaggy and if you see these places also have this kind of red black and sandy soils available and the next type of crop is maize not as a Cardiff drop which requires a lot of water because carafe is a monsoon crop and the temperature should be in between 21 to 27 degree Celsius so today maize is being grown by the help of high yielding varieties seeds so these seeds require less input and they give a lot of output and then you need fertilizers and irrigation facilities to increase the production of maize so some of the maize producing states are cannot occur with the Pradesh Bihar under Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh now the next type of crop is pulses now India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world and also the Government of India gives huge quantity of pulses as a subsidy through the public distribution system to the people of India in meeting the minimum requirement of protein for a person so pulses are the major sources of protein so some of the pulses that we grow in India are tour or earth-moon mass or piece and gram and by the way they are also called leguminous crops so remember that pulses are called leguminous crops and pulses helps in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air so growing possesses good both for the population as well as the land so pulses are usually grown in rotation with other crops meaning suppose you are growing a crop a so after harvesting the crop a you will grow a pulse crop because it will help in restoring the fertility of the soil and after that again you can grow crop B and after harvesting crop B again you will grow pulse crop so like this it continues and this is the meaning of rotation so the major producing states are multiplied - ruta Pradesh Rajasthan Maharashtra and cannot occur so all of the things that we read right now all of this are food crops data grains so now we are going to read about the food crops other than grains so the first one is sugarcane so it is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop so it needs a hot and humid climate a temperature of 21 to 27 degree Celsius would be an ideal temperature and an annual rainfall of 75 200 centimeter would be good so where there is low rainfall you need irrigation so the meaning of irrigation is drawing water from nearby canals or dam because that is the best substitute for rainfall there's nothing else so one good thing about sugarcane is that it can be grown on a variety of soils meaning it doesn't need any one ideal soil but then you need manual labor because it is a labor intensive crop so sugarcane acts like a raw material for sugar good that is jaggery then can suri and molasses and the states that produce a sugar cane are Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Karnataka Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Bihar Punjab and Haryana and just remember this with the pradesh is the leading producer of sugarcane and the second type of food crop that is not a grain is oil seeds they are nothing but vegetable oil so which is obtained from the seed of some plant you must have heard about sunflower oil sesame oil or olive oil that we use in a kitchen so these all come from seed oil so now you know the importance of that so some of the main oil seeds produced in India are ground nut mustard coconut soya bean castor seeds cotton seeds lens seeds and sunflower so most of these are edible and used as cooking mediums now we also use oil for the production of soap cosmetics and oilman's so now this adds more value to this kind of crop so some of the states that produce oil seeds are Gujarat Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Haryana and cannot occur so this was all about the oil seeds so the next type of food crop is an example of Planet Asian agriculture so we are talking about tea so the British introduced tea first in India remember that but of course today most of the tea plantations are owned by the Indians now the tea plants grow well in both tropical as well as subtropical climates but you need a deep and fertile soil rich in humors and organic matter so tea needs warm and moist climate and you also need frequent rainfall and when I say rainfall not the heavy rainfall the SHA rainfall the light one so these are the ideal condition that is required for the growth of nice tea leaves now let me tell you tea is a labor-intensive industry it requires a lot of hard labour and the states that produce tea are Assam Hills of Darjeeling then Jalpaiguri districts of West Bengal then you have in the southern region Tamil Nadu and Kerala now apart from these ideal location there are few other places like Marshall Pradesh Uttaranchal mahalia Andhra Pradesh and three pura so these all states contribute towards tea production now after tea it has to be coffee wherever you go you will have an alternative to tea so the Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality and always remember coffee was never any Ninh crop it was brought initially from a country called Yemen now coffee is grown only in the southern region of India and it is only confined that we just repeat that word can find through the area of nil greece in Karnataka Kerala and Tamil Nadu so you will just find coffee plants here and no other place in India and the next crop is horticulture when it comes to horticulture just remember fruits and vegetables so all the colorful different shaped solid products that we consume these are called horticulture now India is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world now India produces both tropical as well as temperate fruits so we have mangoes oranges bananas lychee guava pineapple apples pears apricots walnuts so all these kinds of rich fruits are grown in India just have a look at this map you will find all the places being marked which grows the respective fruits so India also produces a lot of vegetables the important ones are pea cauliflower onion cabbage tomato brinjal and potato so with this we cover the entire horticultural crop now let's move on to the next topic non-food crops so meaning these are crops but you cannot consume them they are not edible so the first one is rubber so it is an equatorial crop meaning it is grown in all the countries that lies in the equatorial region now to grow rubber you need moist and humid climate and then you need heavy rain more than 200 centimeter so if you see moisture humidity and heavy rainfall these are all characteristics of equatorial region we all know that rubber is an important industrial raw material so the states in India that grow rubber are Kerala Tamil Nadu Karnataka and the one in Nicobar Islands then garo hills of mahalia so notice all of these places receive heavy rainfall and they are also very humid so where there is humidity moisture will be high so this was all about rubber the next one is fiber crops so fiber crops are cotton jute hemp and natural silk so these crops were traditionally been used to make paper cloth or rope and they are of two types natural and artificial so today fibers are being chemically modified to make them strong so most of the natural fiber crops are obtained from cocoons of the silkworms and silkworms feed on green leaves known as mulberry so the process of rearing silk from silkworm is known as Siddhi culture the Sira culture starts with s so remember that s also stands for silk just remember this way it will be easy and the next one is cotton now cotton is one of the main raw materials for cotton textile industry I mean this is a huge industry it's a multi-billion dollar industry so to grow cotton you need black soil so where do you find black soil in India it's found in the regions of they can plat you it requires high temperature and moderate rainfall and you cannot have frost you know you only need sunlight brights and light and it usually takes six to eight months to mature that is to harvest now the major cotton producing states are Maharashtra Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Punjab Haryana and the top age so if you see most of these states they lie in Deccan Plateau and the last type of non-food crop is jute so jute is refer to as golden fiber if you see the colour of it it is brownish and golden colour now you need a fertile soil to grow jute but here is a catch that soil needs to be renewed every and how does the soil gets renewed by continuous flow of river and where can you find such a place West Bengal Bihar Assam Orissa mahalia so if we see all these places have river that is perennial or continuous flowing so that helps in renewing the soil so jutice used to make gunny bags mats ropes yan carpets and other artifacts and these are costly they are of high cost and because of that it is losing market because we have an alternative to that it's called synthetic fiber which is also called artificial fiber and they are chemically produced and they are cheap so that brings us to the end of jute and also to the end of all types of major crops that are produced in India I hope you found this video informative I'll see you in the next one if you enjoy these videos and see a purpose behind watching them please like the video and comment down below until then catch you guys later and talk to you guys on the next one peace 

Agriculture information for ncrt

chapter for agriculture in this blog we will learn about agriculture and how it is important to our country agriculture is the largest livelihood provider in India the history of agriculture in India dates back to the Vedic period that is 1500 to 500 BCE so this was the time when the Indo iron settled into the northern India near Indus Valley and the culture was sometimes referred to as vedic civilization agriculture was first shaped in the Indian subcontinent during this era now fast-forward today two-thirds of a population is engaged in agricultural activities there's a saying in economics I don't know who said this but it goes something like this a healthy nation is a prosperous nation and to be healthy agriculture produces most of the food that we consume apart from producing food for the nation agriculture produces raw material for various multi-million dollar industries like tea coffee spices etc just think about it supporting so much of employment and not to forget many of these items are exported and that brings in a lot of foreign exchange just imagine how much agriculture is important now that we have a beef context regarding the importance of Agriculture let's move ahead and get to know more in depth here is a summary of the content in this video through seconds back we learned the importance of Agriculture and how a national economy is dependent on it let's move on to the second topic types of farming agriculture is not something new it's been carried out from ages hence there will be significant changes in the way it is carried out I'm talking about its procedures techniques practices etc over the time a lot of things change --is like the physical environment let's take an example of the weather weather is not the same today what it used to be thousands of years back similarly today there is a massive technological boost in the agricultural sector in order to use them efficiently you have to be aware of its technical know-how for example today we have high yielding seeds to grow crops quickly these seeds produces more with less input they do not require much water they do not require much time these innovation are possible due to genetic engineering and one need to acquire the knowledge in order to make efficient use of this technology so based on such diversity there are three types of farming and they are one primitive subsistence farming to intensive subsistence farming and the last one is commercial farming let's get to know each one of them in brief the first one is primitive subsistence farming now the meaning of the term primitive is having characteristics of an early stage so the primary tools that were used for agriculture were who doubt digging stakes and family community laborers because today we have large machineries but there are many parts in India where this kind of farming is still continued where things are at its early stage so most commonly this type of farming is dependent on monsoon because that is the cheapest and the best way of getting water so you cannot think about having a private channel from a reservoir for irrigation and the second important thing is need to have a natural fertility of the soil again you cannot afford to have fertilizers of or high yielding seeds no advanced methods only traditional methods so natural fertility of the soil is important and then you need suitability of the environment which means the mother nature should be happy again you cannot have access to private rooms or freezers or some sort of a place where you can control the temperature so in simple terms we can also say primitive subsistence farming is also known as traditional farming where there is no use of modern technology or method everything is of early stage so slash-and-burn agriculture is one of the type of primitive subsistence farming remember that there is another word to it it's called jump cultivation it's mainly practiced by the tribal people of the northeastern region so what they do is they clear the land they cut down all the natural vegetation they make it a flat plane land they grow their food crops and once they have done with the growing part naturally the soil fertility will decrease the what they do is they burn the natural vegetation so that all the born ashes of the vegetation will again make the soil fertile and in the meantime they move on to the next piece of land this decreases the land productivity and this type of Agriculture is not recommended so I hope you get the meaning of primitive subsistence farming let's move on to the second one intensive subsistence farming so the meaning of the word intensive means intense serious or full-fledged so in this type of farming you make use of all kinds of facility that is available that is intensive labor then high doses of biochemical inputs and the focus is always towards the higher production however there is one problem with this kind of farming there's always enormous pressure on the agricultural land because a farmer would have limited piece of land and due to family economical or financial pressure he has to continue to grow more and more crops so that he can have maximum output from that limited piece of land so just remember the word intense you will get the meaning of this type of forming and the last type of farming is commercial farming so the meaning of the word commercial is something that is associated with business so when a particular crop is associated with business I mean if you earn some sort of a huge profit by growing a particular crop then you will use all kinds of technology you will put an ample of hardwork time effort money labor everything and the reason is simple the output is going to be profitable so this is the meaning of commercial farming so the kind of inputs that we put in this kind of farming are you will use high yielding varieties seeds so these are genetically produce seeds so this kind of seeds produces more with less input then again you will use chemical fertilizers insecticides and pesticides for higher productivity now rice is a very common as well as important commercial crop because you and I vie to eat rice at least once in our day so you do realize the demand of this crop so where there is huge 2-month there has to be supply and supply is usually profitable and that is the meaning of commercial farming just remember that now let's move on to the next topic cropping pattern India has a rich physical diversity meaning physical effect divisions such as the mountains plateaux deserts islands all of this are so diverse landforms and together they all exist in the Indian subcontinent and then we have plurality of cultures that is so many communities with different religion linguistic cultural tribal values exist together not with all of this going on you can see the reflection of diversity in the way crops are grown and this is what is referred to as cropping pattern in India you can find fiber crops cereal vegetables fruits and spices all of this are grown but in a different season and they have been nicely divided into three types they are Rabi Karif and Zedd so let's read about each one of them in brief the first one is Robbie crop so this crop is soared in the season of winter that is from October to December and harvested in summer that is from April to June so always remember Robbie crop is a winter crop the best way to remember is the letter I also exists in the word winter so when you have Robbie it's winter remember that now some of the important Rabi crops are wheat barley piece gram now these crops are grown in the large part of India especially places near north and northwest in parts such as Punjab Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir with tarantula andother Pradesh so remember India has two types of monsoon that is southwestern monsoon and then not eastern monsoon so the second one that is the not eastern monsoon it occurs during the winter season therefore this monsoon or this rainfall helps in the success of these crops now due to the success of Green Revolution it has helped in the growth of these Rabi crops so Green Revolution was a period when agriculture in India increased its yields due to improved agronomic technology you know at that time everything was efficiently done we have proper technology in place and with best practices this movement green revolution developed and this was purely to overcome food defects because that can lead to health hazards now let's read about the kharif crop kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon so this is the southwestern monsoon we are talking about which starts at the beginning of June and the crops are harvested in the month of September or October by the end of the monsoon so car if crop is sown in the monsoon and Robbie crop is sown in the winter remember that now some of the car if crops are paddy maize jor bara tor MooMoo Roth cotton jute ground nut and soya bean so all of these crops are grown at the region of Assam West Bengal coastal regions of Orissa under Pradesh Tamil Nadu Kerala and Maharashtra so you see all of these places receives rainfall from the southwest and wind so this was all about the car if crop so after Robbie and kharif season there's something called Zee season so it is a short season but it is mostly in the summer so some of the crops that are grown in this season are watermelon musk melon koo kumba and other vegetables and father's so all of these crops falls on the Zayat crop so with this we are now aware of the three types of cropping patterns in India now let's read about the major crops of India I have made a separate video dedicated to this entire topic I want you to watch that video and you will have a nice understanding about all the major crops that are grown in India link to the video is in the description you can also click on the info card available on your top right corner of this video let's move on to the next topic technological and institutional reforms now the meaning of the words technological and institutional reforms means that there has to be a Reformation or change in the technology the way we use and in the institutional formation or function because if we bring a positive change in both the sectors that is the technology as well as the institution it will only contribute towards smooth functioning of the work flow and efficiency will be at its prime agriculture is the bloodline of a country I mean without food no one can survive therefore to develop this sector there has to be a compatibility with the acknowledged and the institutional changes because if you're performing agriculture on your land without the help of technology or any institutional help then it is not sustainable meaning it will not last for a very long time you will be exhausted tired and your productivity will be low there are so many farmers in this country who still depends upon the monsoon and the natural fertility of the soil I mean it isn't wrong but the productivity would be so less I mean as a farmer you need to make use of the irrigational facilities and then you have to use fertilizers for for growing the natural fertility of your soil you also need to use high yielding variety of seeds that take less input and gives a larger output because if you don't make use of all these new reforms then it is going to be a serious challenge to the rising population because what happens when supply doesn't meet the demand there will be all sorts of crisis and no country wants that therefore the agricultural sector needs some serious technical and institutional reforms so if you look at the first five-year plan of our India or for those of you who don't know what is fire your plan it is a government plan for economic development so what they do is they decide and write it down all the things that they want to do for the next five years since independence we have had twelve five-year plan anyways so if you look at the document you will find that there is a mentioning of institutional reforms and technological reforms for the agricultural sector so what does it mean it means that even the government is strong about adopting these measures so that they can improve the agricultural sector so if you look at the first fire plan which was drafted in the year of 1951 to 56 in that it is mentioned about abolishing of Zamindari system and that is a major step towards land Reformation in case you want to read more about it I have a link in the description to the first fire plan in fact you can read up all the fire plans so some of the strategies that that has been taken by the Government of India in improving the Indian agricultural sector is Green Revolution and white revolution so these revolutions in you'd both institutional and technical reforms so some of the reforms were provision for crop insurance against Roth so just like you have an insurance for your car here you have an insurance for your crop then you have the establishment of Grameen banks cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmer so every bank has a priority sector lending scheme so it is an important role given by the Reserve Bank of India so what happens in this scheme is the bank has to keep aside certain amount of money that can only be given to the agricultural sector or allied activities as loan so this money cannot be given for any other purposes this is only meant for agricultural activities so these are some of the schemes introduced by the government of India for the benefit of the farmers and the next topic is contribution of agriculture to the national economy now we know that agriculture has been the backbone of the country therefore naturally its contribution to the GDP would be statistically visible but this contribution is declining year by year so any sort of decline or stagnation is bad for the nation and will have serious implications on the society government is dedicated towards the development of this sector by joining hands with Indian Council of agricultural research many agricultural universities many veterinary services and numerous animal breeding centers so all sorts of R&D is being carried out by the government now another challenge that our country faces today is that our GDP is increasing but the employment opportunity is not I'll just give you an brief illustration as to what I just said so GDP is nothing but the value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country now I want you to imagine two countries having GDP of 100 so country a has 100 and country B has 100 and also assume their population is the same that is 10 people so in country a 10 people are earning 10 rupees in order to generate a GDP of 100 fair enough now in country B 5 people are earning 20 rupees each in order to generate a GDP of 100 and rest 5 people are unemployed so you see increase in GDP does not mean the country is doing well in terms of M now with the similar principle we can also think of it this way though the GDP must be increasing for the country year by year but then the growth rate of agriculture is decelerating so the three most important sectors agriculture industries and services so these three sector broadly determines the kind of job that we are in so currently India's GDP is 7.3 now it's really good it's high but if you look at inside the services sector is high followed by industries and then last is agriculture and Moomins back we just read that agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy if that is low what good is it going to do to the country I hope you get what I'm trying to say and because of the increase in the services sector a lot of things are being outsourced from developed nations to our country including jobs products services etc and because of that Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from the international competition and then on the other hand government is also not increasing the funding in the agricultural sector and because of all of this farmers are redrawing their investment from agriculture there are a lot of people who were farmers once upon a time they have left the agricultural sector and I move towards the services sector for employment just imagine if the entire population moves from one sector to another it is going to be catastrophic though it may promise you comfort job security and benefits but we need sufficient amount of people at different sectors so that no sector is empty especially we can not afford to empty the agricultural sector it needs to be properly fed with investment so this was the contribution of agriculture to the national economy and the next topic we are going to read about is food security so the meaning of the term food security is having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable nutritious food usually the countries with higher incidence of poverty do not have food security because there are many geographical political as well as economical reasons apart from all of this there are places which are prone to natural disasters and they are so remote that it's very difficult to supply food over there even such kind of places exist in today's world so in order to deal with this problem the government has designed something called national food security system and it has two components one is above a stock and another one is public distribution system so the meaning of buffer stock is keeping a large quantity of food in a storage or a warehouse and then public distribution system is nothing but the ration shop through which that stored food is supplied at a very lower price to the people who are below the poverty line but then to maintain such a huge stock of food the government has to first buy those food from the farmers and for that government has fixed a support price wherein they will buy that grain in that particular price and then they will keep it in food Corporation of India now this is a national cause of course the prices at which the government will buy from the farmer is going to be less but then the government is going to complement the farmers by giving subsidies in providing seeds fertilizers and all those sort of things to grow nice crops so this is like balancing the equation you are not benefiting at the cost of someone else's loss and then these foods are then taken from food Corporation of India to the public distribution systems that is the ration shops and distribute it among the people but as a great saying goes everything has a problem and here the problem is the government procures large quantity of rice wheat and paddy from the farmers because these are the staple food for the Indian population and these are being consumed at a large scale so mostly the government buys all of these crops and stock them now having said that the farmers are even smarter they have also developed interest in growing only these kind of crops because there's not going to be lost for the farmers it's likely going to be taken by the government so they will not have a loss in it now due to this there is a distorted cropping pattern and another problem comes from the administrative point of view we know that consumers or the population is divided into two categories that is above the poverty line and below the poverty line and based on this the government provides this stocked food through PDS 2d below poverty line people but the categorization is not perfect and the number of deserving poor people are not being benefited by these schemes so even this problem needs to be addressed so again all of this problem can be only dealt if the government increases the investment in agricultural sector because the moment you create necessary infrastructure like irrigation facilities availability of electricity then it automatically attracts the private parties then the private party is going to invest huge capital in it so capitalism does helps only if it is properly administered and monitored now apart from all of this there are reasons like scarcity of water then degradation of soil due to the overuse of fertilizer and pesticides and declining productivity of land and then farmers shifting from the food crops to cultivation of fruits vegetable oil seeds and industrial crops because of commercialization so these are some of the problems that the government needs to address in order to improve the agricultural sector of a nation and the last topic of this chapter is impact of globalization on agriculture globalization means when an organization develops international influence or starts operating on an international scale so here we are going to read about how agriculture gained international exposure so globalization is not something new for Indian agriculture industry it's been happening since 19th century when European traders arrived they used to take Indian spices to different parts of the world and the Indian farmers were asked to grow European crops so all of this accounts for globalization the British were attracted to the cotton belts of India they exported heavy cotton raw materials to Britain and due to which Britain textile industry flourished and we have many more such examples of globalization not today India is an important producer of rice cotton rubber tea coffee jute and spices but still our agricultural products are not able to compete with the developed countries because the government of developed countries they highly subsidized agriculture in those countries as a result they are able to produce good as well as huge quantities of products in India we do not have proper infrastructure for the agricultural department the condition of small farmers have barely changed our farmers are still fighting the most basic problems of agriculture like overusing of chemicals land degradation and bio vanishing biodiversity so all these initial problems we are still engaged in that so proper thrust should be given to the improvement of the condition of small farmers so there is an old saying that success lies in small small changes therefore the Indian farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops because this needs to be done at the most basic level though we can sit and talk about institutional and technical reforms but at the ground level farmers need to understand this logic behind diversifying the cropping pattern we have to learn the art of harnessing the diverse climate and in the process grow wide range of high-value crops so with this we have come to an end of this chapter I hope you have found this blog informative if you enjoy these blog